Single Board Computers (Raspberry.pi, Nvidia Jetson, Adapteva Parallella, Arduino)
Nvidia Jetson TK1 (2014) - $192

The Jetson TK1 is a Compute(GPGPU) solution from Nvidia with a sub 10 Watt power usage. The compute power is 300 GFLOPS. This kind of compute power is more than the Xbox 360 and ps3. In technical terms the Jetson TK1 is a supercomputer which uses Ubuntu 14.04(with nvidia modules for the TK1) out of the box. It uses an NVIDIA kepler chipset with 192 CUDA cores.
Hardware Tegra K1 SOC, Kepler GPU with 192 CUDA cores, 4-Plus-1 quad-core ARM Cortex A15 CPU, 2 GB x16 memory with 64 bit width, 16 GB 4.51 eMMC memory, 1 Half mini-PCIE slot, 1 Full size SD/MMC connector, 1 Full-size HDMI port, 1 USB 2.0 port, micro AB, 1 USB 3.0 port A, 1 RS232 serial port, 1 ALC5639 Realtek Audio codec with Mic in and Line out, 1 RTL8111GS Realtek GigE LAN, 1 SATA data port, SPI 4MByte boot flash [source: Nvidia]
https://developer.nvidia.com/jetson-tk1-support
http://elinux.org/Jetson_TK1
http://elinux.org/Tegra/Remote_Access
Overview: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmnM7ikhY1s
Command Commands (Remote)
ping ubuntu@tegra-ubuntu ssh ubuntu@tegra-ubuntu ssh -X ubuntu@tegra-ubuntu nautilus |
Installation
sudo apt-add-repository universe sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop sudo apt-get install bash-completion command-not-found exit startx http://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-04/ |
Raspberry.pi (2012) - $39

The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools. Raspberry Pi has a Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip (SoC), which includes an ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz processor, VideoCore IV GPU, and was originally shipped with 256 megabytes of RAM, later upgraded to 512 MB. It does not include a built-in hard disk or solid-state drive, but it uses an SD card for booting and persistent storage. [source: wikipedia]
http://www.raspberrypi.org/
http://www.raspberrypi.org/
Adapteva Parallella (2013) - $99

Parallella is a board with a 16-core Epiphany-III chip. Includes the Full Epiphany SDK and OpenCL compiler based on libcoprthr. Provides 32 GFLOPS peak performance, 2 Watt TDP (chip only, whole board unknown)
USB plug-and-play ready and Remote access support.
Hardware includes a Zynq-7020 dual-core ARM A9 CPU, Epiphany Multicore Accelerator (16 cores), 1GB SDRAM, MicroSD Card, USB 2.0 (two), Ethernet 10/100/1000 and HDMI connection.
http://www.adapteva.com/parallella/http://programming.oreilly.com/2013/12/supercomputing-on-the-cheap-with-parallella.html
USB plug-and-play ready and Remote access support.
Hardware includes a Zynq-7020 dual-core ARM A9 CPU, Epiphany Multicore Accelerator (16 cores), 1GB SDRAM, MicroSD Card, USB 2.0 (two), Ethernet 10/100/1000 and HDMI connection.
http://www.adapteva.com/parallella/http://programming.oreilly.com/2013/12/supercomputing-on-the-cheap-with-parallella.html
Arduino (2005) - $30

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller, intended to make the application of interactive objects or environments more accessible.[1] The hardware consists of an open-source hardware board designed around an 8-bit Atmel AVR microcontroller, or a 32-bit Atmel ARM. Current models feature a USB interface, 6 analog input pins, as well as 14 digital I/O pins which allows the user to attach various extension boards. [source: wikipedia]
http://www.arduino.cc/
http://www.arduino.cc/